Carbon capture for decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries: a comparative review of techno-economic feasibility of solid looping cycles

Abstract Carbon capture and storage will play a crucial role in industrial decarbonisation. However, the current literature presents large variability techno-economic feasibility of CO 2 technologies. Consequently, reliable pathways for carbon deployment energy-intensive industries are still missing. This work provides comprehensive review state-of-the-art technologies decarbonisation iron steel, cement, petroleum refining, pulp paper industries. Amine scrubbing was shown to be least feasible option, resulting average avoided cost between $$62.7\;\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}\,} \cdot {\rm{t}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; - 1}$$ $$104.6\;\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}\,} steel industry. Its equivalent energy requirement varied 2.7 (iron steel) $$5.1\;\;{\rm{M}}{{\rm{J}}_{{\rm{th}}}} {\rm{kg}}_{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}^{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; (cement). Retrofits emerging calcium looping were improve overall viability Calcium result 32.7 $$42.9\;\mathrm{C}\!\!\!\!{\scriptstyle{{}^=}\,} 2.0 $$3.7\;\;{\rm{M}}{{\rm{J}}_{{\rm{th}}}} (pulp paper). Such performance demonstrated superiority Further should focus on standardising assessment